from Coastal Wind Sports <click the link, lots of great stuff there.
The Importance of Apparent Wind
Now that you are getting ready to take off on long runs and build up speed, let's stop and discuss some of the dynamics of sailing the buggy and
discuss what happens when you put yourself, the kite and the buggy into motion.
When you fly statically (on your feet), the wind window is always downwind of you with the wind blowing at your back. While you can bring your kite to
the edge of the window, you can never quite get it all the way to a point at 90 degrees to the direction of the wind, or immediately off your
shoulder. This is due to the aerodynamic drag on the kite. A more efficient race kite may get closer to dead into the wind, but generally the kite
will get within 15 degrees before it stops advancing. So we have a window that is an arc about 150 degrees wide (180 degrees, minus 15 degrees on each
side) with a radius the length of our kite lines and centered dead down wind of where we are standing.
When standing still, the window does not move unless the wind shifts direction. All that changes however, when you set things into motion, and the
effect is called "apparent wind". To understand apparent wind, think of yourself standing outside in a dead calm with no wind. Now imagine hopping on
a bicycle and moving at 10 mph. The breeze you feel on your face is coming at you at a speed of 10 mph and that is the apparent wind. If you stand
still with your bike and there is a 10 mph breeze blowing outside, the local wind and the apparent wind are both 10 mph because you are motionless.
Ride your bike directly into the wind at 10 mph and the local wind is still 10 mph, but your feel the apparent wind on your face blowing at 20 mph
since you have added your motion to the picture.
The effect of moving across the wind, say at 90 degrees to the breeze starting with the wind right off your shoulder adds another dimension and makes
things more complicated, but it is easy enough to figure out with a simple diagram. Take a look at figure 6. Start by drawing a line "A" in the
direction of the wind and use a unit of measure such as an inch or centimeter for each 1 mph of wind speed. To keep things simple we used 10 mph. Now
draw line "B" from the same starting point to show your direction and speed of travel at 90 degrees to the wind, also at 10 mph. These lines are known
as vectors, since they indicate direction and force, or in this case, speed. If you connect the free ends of "A" and "B" with a line to form a
triangle, you get a vector "C" showing the direction and speed of the apparent wind you feel on your face. It shows the wind coming off your right
side at an angle of 45 degrees and if you measure or calculate the length of the line, you get just over 14 mph. |